MUNCIPALITY OF LOS BAÑOS, LAGUNA, Historical Data of Part 1

PART I

Part I | Part II

About these Historical Data

The transcription of this page was done using AI technology.

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HISTORY AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE TOWN
Part One: History

I. Present official name of the town.

The early discovery of Los Baños can be traced way back in the early sixteenth century when a Franciscan missionary by the name of Pedro Bautista first made a survey along the coast of Laguna de Bay. It was in this place that he discovered many hot springs. He was impressed with his discovery that he gave the name Los Baños which meant plenty of water or many baths.

II. Popular name of the town, present and past; derivation and meaning of the names. Names of sitios included within the territory of the town.

Los Baños is the present popular name of the town. From 1592 to 1670 this town was called Mainit. It derived its name from the many hot springs located near the sea. There were very few inhabitants living in this place for it was a wilderness. Tall bamboo trees were growing wild along the sea and thick cogon grasses were found on the wayside. The roads were like trails, because one or two people could walk there only, due to the many thick bushes found on all sides. Later on, around 1867 people from nearby towns came to settle permanently because of the famous Los Baños Hot Springs. They said, water was good to cure the sick, so, many Filipino patients flocked to seek relief from their ailments. These thermal waters attracted the attention of many people.

III. Date of establishment.

Formerly Los Baños was a barrio of the town of Bay which, during that time, was under the administration of the Augustinian Fathers and had for their patron saint, St. Nicolas Tolentino. On September 17, 1613 through the written authorization of the clerk, Luis Vella, the administration of this place together with its inhabitants passed into the hands of the Franciscans. The town proper then began to exist under the leadership of Don Juan Castañeda. It was only then that the image of La Inmaculada Concepcion was brought to this place and adopted as its patron saint.

IV. Original families.

From the sixteenth century up to the present, remnants of the original families still exist. They are Felix Tomisin, de los Reyes, Lantican, Malabayabas, Gibas, Tamban,

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HISTORY AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE TOWN
Part One: History

I. Present official name of the town.

The early discovery of Los Baños can be traced way back in the early sixteenth century when a Franciscan missionary by the name of Pedro Bautista first made a survey along the coast of Laguna de Bay. It was in this place that he discovered many hot springs. He was impressed with his discovery that he gave the name Los Baños which meant plenty of water or many baths.

II. Popular name of the town, present and past; derivation and meaning of the names. Names of sitios included within the territory of the town.

Los Baños is the present popular name of the town. From 1592 to 1670 this town was called Mainit. It derived its name from the many hot springs located near the sea. There were very few inhabitants living in this place for it was a wilderness. Tall bamboo trees were growing wild along the sea and thick cogon grasses were found on the wayside. The roads were like trails, because one or two people could walk there only, due to the many thick bushes found on all sides. Later on, around 1867 people from nearby towns came to settle permanently because of the famous Los Baños Hot Springs. They said, water was good to cure the sick, so, many Filipino patients flocked to seek relief from their ailments. These thermal waters attracted the attention of many people.

III. Date of establishment.

Formerly Los Baños was a barrio of the town of Bay which, during that time, was under the administration of the Augustinian Fathers and had for their patron saint, St. Nicolas Tolentino. On September 17, 1613 through the written authorization of the clerk, Luis Vella, the administration of this place together with its inhabitants passed into the hands of the Franciscans. The town proper then began to exist under the leadership of Don Juan Castañeda. It was only then that the image of La Inmaculada Concepcion was brought to this place and adopted as its patron saint.

IV. Original families.

From the sixteenth century up to the present, remnants of the original families still exist. They are Felix Tomisin, de los Reyes, Lantican, Malabayabas, Gibas, Tamban, Tandang, Pelegrina, Palacpac, Lepis, Panga and Gibe.

Now prominent families which were the seeds of the original families are Ponciano Palis, Dionisia Lapis Capinpin, Lorenzo Lantican, Antonio Tamisin and Melencio Salva Cruz. Mr. Salva Cruz was the elected Municipal Councilor.

V List of the Capitans from the earlier time to date.

The Spaniards did not find the people of Los Baños united under one government. This town was divided into ten barangays. Each barangay was under the jurisdiction of a headman and in the course of time they became known as the cabezas de barangay and were usually entrusted in the collection of tributes. Each barangay consisted of from thirty to fifty families. They were often located near each other for protection and mutual help. All these barangays were under a capitan. The capitan acted like our mayor today. The priest of the town helped him in the administration.

List of the capitans from the earlier time to date.

Prominent among the cabezas were the following.

VI Story of the old sitios within the jurisdiction that are now depopulated or extinct.

The people of the town obeyed and respected the capitans, cabezas, and the parish priest. Since this place was a wilderness the Augustinian Order sent a Filipino priest as curate of the town. As soon as he

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VII Data on historical sites, structures, buildings and old ruins

1. Camp Eldridge – place where Yamashita was executed.
2. Los Baños convent – Dr. Jose Rizal’s mother was held captive for some time by the Spanish Civil Authorities.
3. Palace – It had been the residence of Captain General of the Philippines.
4. American Military Hospital Site – as early as 1900 the military authorities made the evacuated Spanish hospital into a military hospital. Sick soldiers from Camp Eldridge were brought there for treatment and hospitalization.

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DESTRUCTIONS IN LOS BAÑOS, LAGUNA, CAUSED
BY THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION

The destruction and atrocities wrought about by the Japanese as a result of the War in the Philippines were so great that they can never be erased in the minds of every Filipino. These were felt throughout the length and breadth of our native land, the memory of which would ever remain alive for generations to come. Such was the case in the little town of Los Baños, province of Laguna. It didn’t escape the devastating claws of the tyrant Nippons.

A few days after the infamous Pearl Harbor attack, Japanese planes came hovering above the peaceful and picturesque town of Los Baños. The American Naval Reservation just a short distance from the poblacion was the first to be attacked. American planes which were docked at the Laguna de Bay were strafed. Bombs and shells were dropped here and there inflicting heavy damage on private homes and crops, and even killing innocent civilians. As early as December 10, 1941, barely a week after the town fiesta honoring its beloved patron saint, the Immaculate Concepcion, many inhabitants were forced to move to nearby barrios for refuge. Much against their will, they had no other way but to abandon their dear homes and personal belongings only to save their loved ones from the inhuman acts of the Jap soldiers. Sometime after Christmas Day, the railroad station, the Catholic Church, and the old Primary Building were damaged badly by machine-gunning enemy planes.

The Japanese were able to gain ground and the American soldiers stationed at Los Baños were ordered to retreat. Before they did so, they decided to take along with them whatever important military equipment they could carry. They knew it would be better to give some of their foodstuffs to the Filipinos rather than leave them for the conquering Japs. Hence, they began distributing flour, sack after sack stored at a big warehouse situated at the former Camp Eldridge. Many town people were benefited. They started burning the bodega because they preferred to see it turn to ashes than be occupied by the cruel enemies. This happened in the early part of January 1942.

With the fall of Corregidor, followed by the fall of Bataan, the Japanese flag menacingly flew over our poor native soil. In our hearts, however, reigned the hope that someday we will be redeemed. This was even made firm by the unforgettable promise of MacArthur that he would return. Japanese soldiers then began their mission of maltreating the Filipinos. In Los Baños, many houses were unjustly confiscated from the owners without much ado. These and other public buildings were made into army headquarters and barracks. The historical house of Paciano Rizal, the brother of Jose Rizal, located along the shore was the first among those which were occupied. One of the schoolhouses at present was also grabbed by the Japanese. Worst of all was the Military Reservation

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Now came the Liberation, after more than three long years of sorrows and hardships. The dark days were at last ended. The Americans are back. For the sake of saving men, women, and children from the massacre of the Japs, the active guerrilla units set fire to the town. This was done so that during the conflagration, the civilian population could evacuate to Calamba, a neighboring town. First house to be burned was the house of Mr. Hernandez, a Spaniard. It was located at the main street of the town. The fire raged for hours, from about 8:30 p.m. up to 4:00 the following day. Almost 62 houses, big and small, were gone with the flames. Damage was estimated to reach several thousand pesos.

SUBMITTED by:

MANUEL T. SALVA CRUZ

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THE HOSPITAL

This hospital named Aguas Santas in the town of Los Baños, in the province of Laguna de Bay, recognized as its founder San Pedro Bautista, martyr of Japan. He discovered the utility of the springs. He had it analyzed by Fray Francisco de Gota, the successor of Pedro Bautista in the provincial government. Fray Pablo de Jesus gave the beginning of its foundation in the year 1592 making Fray Diego de Santa Maria as its head, a religious brother, who was experienced in medicine and surgery. He built a small hut of nipa and bamboo in the vicinity of the sitio Mainit where Filipino patients flocked to seek relief from their ailment, and because of the many who have come for treatment and others needed special care. On July 21, 1602 he obtained a decree from an ecclesiastical chapter which was confirmed on October 23 of the same year by the governor of the archipelago authorizing the construction of a hospital in the same place. With this license it was constructed. A building made of nipa and bamboo with many departments was constructed to take the place of a small hut. It was named the hospital of Agua Santos de Mainit. Until the year 1671 the Franciscans were not able to build a building of stone, however, they tried their best to make other improvements that can be obtained in these kinds of baths.

In the same spot where the hospital stands a church was built of best materials that can be obtained in Mt. Makiling and was placed under the patronage of Nuestra Señora de la Concepcion de la Aguas Calientes. In 1727 the church as well as the hospital was burned. In 1877 having experienced the benefits of the holy waters of Mainit, Governor Moriones proposed to the Father Provincial, Fray Superior Serapion Leynares, the reconstruction of the baths. When Fray Serapion Leynares was given full authorization he passed a circular on the 26th of May of the same year to all the parish priests and persons of means throughout the archipelago for the love of God and Neighbor a voluntary contribution to meet the necessary expenses. The country responded and a hospital was built with modern improvements under the direction of Fray Gavino Perez. It was formally turned over to Governor Moriones, who disposed that it be administered by the Franciscans who really had it constructed but Father Leynares, after having studied the matter and consulting his superiors, declined the offer with gratitude.

An epitaph engraved in marble can still be seen today. The inscription reads thus:

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“Philippine Historical Committee

“Hospital De Aguas Santas”

“In 1590 these thermal waters attracted the attention of the Rev. Pedro Bautista O.F.M. who sent to Los Baños a lay Franciscan Brother to establish a Hospital for the Filipinos on July 21, 1602. The Rev. Diego de Santa Maria O.F.M. was authorized to build the Hospital De Aguas Santas de Mainit. A layman was appointed its administrator in 1603. With the revenue derived from a farm in Jalajala, a modern Hospital was built by the Franciscans and turned over to the Patronato Real (Crown) in 1671. The Hospital and its dependencies were destroyed by fire in 1727. A new building was constructed in 1887 under the supervision of the Franciscans with funds raised by popular subscriptions headed by Governor General Domingo Moriones y Murillo who was an enthusiastic promoter of the project. Under the American regime the Hospital together with the surrounding Area, became Camp Eldridge, by authority of an executive order issued by the President of the United States September 1, 1903. The Government of the Philippines was permitted to occupy a portion of Camp Eldridge Military Reservation, including the Hospital buildings and the Medicinal Spring under a revocable license granted by the Secretary of War June 12, 1931.”

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Part Two: Folkways

A. Traditions, customs and practices in domestic and social life; baptism; courtship; marriage; death; burial; visits; festivals; punishments; etc.

Traditions:

Generally speaking the people living in the town proper are less superstitious than those living in the far off barrios for the simple reason that they are always ahead in getting new ideas. They are usually in contact with the town officials, thus better informed. But this does not hold true to all as there are still many of them who practiced the old traditions handed down to them from their old, old ancestors.

Customs and practices in domestic and social life:-

Whenever the family prepares something special or unusual delicacy, the neighbors are always remembered.

When somebody returns from a far-away place there’s always a “pasalubong” for the members of the family who were left at home. Their gifts are in the form of food, magazines or souvenirs.

The annual town fiesta which falls on December 8 is always well attended by almost all the people who are natives of the place. Many of them made promises as a sign of gratitude for some miracles they thought had befallen them, like getting well from an ailment.

When there are parties and dances, the old folks are so conservative they never allow their daughters to go out unchaperoned. They require their daughters always to go in groups or be accompanied by an elder. Such practice, however, is now slowly being neglected for the younger parents are getting modern in their ideas.

Birth:

When a mother is about to deliver, the husband calls for the midwife; meantime members of the family prepare the special food for the expectant mother. When upon birth, if the child does not cry, the midwife sips its nose to initiate its breathing freely.

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Baptism:

Usually the parents of a child select the persons nearest to them to act as sponsors. Others base their selections on the standard of living, educational qualifications, good and desirable qualities, and influence of the prospective godparent.

Courtship:

Parental agreements used to exist then. The parents of the boy render personal services and give presents to the girl’s family. In turn the heads of both families decide the date of the marriage. Dowries were given by both families in the form of money, house, animals, jewelry, furniture, or a tract of land.

Death:

When death comes to a family all the neighbors and relatives contribute something, either in the form of money or food to the bereaved family. Good singers and card players keep the people entertained during the wake. The people present talk in general about the good things the deceased had accomplished and the good character traits he had while he was still alive.

Visits:

People do not visit their friends in other places frequently, but when visiting they bring with them foods and fruits and sweets that are not commonly found in the place. They wear their new clothes and expensive jewelry.

Marriage:

In marriage, it is the common practice for the bridegroom to pay for everything, like the wedding trousseau; the food, the marriage license, church services and everything.

The girl is brought to the boy’s parents for 9 days, and the same is true with the man. They meet on the 9th day in their newly built house if there is any and if there is none the groom takes the bride to his mother’s house.

Festivals:

During festivals people display their new and attractive clothes and match them with their long kept jewelry. They make these fiestas grand holidays with songs, parades, band and “sarswelas.”

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Punishment:

The children are punished by letting them kneel in “mongo” seeds with stretched arms sideways.

They are whipped and they certainly believe in the saying which runs thus: “Spare the rod and spoil the child.”

XI. Myths, legends, beliefs, interpretations, superstitions; origin of the world, land, mountains and cave, seas, lake, rivers, plants, trees, animals, sun, moon, stars, eclipses, earthquakes, lightning and thunder, clouds, rain, wind, storms, changes of climates; other natural phenomena; first man and woman; birth of twins or more; sickness; witchcraft, magic; divinations; etc.

Birth:

When there is a pregnant member in a house nobody is allowed to loiter on doorways because it will delay the delivery of the child.

If a pregnant woman stumbles, it is feared that her child will have a harelip.

A conceiving woman should not look at disagreeable sights or think of bad thoughts for her child may be deformed or may be patterned after the pictures which she has always wanted to see.

When a conceiving woman is not able to eat a certain food she craves, her child will likely have birthmarks on some part of the body.

After the birth of a child the placenta is wrapped in newspapers with a pencil, if a boy, or with a needle and thread, if a girl, before disposal by burying. It is said that the boys will be inclined to study while the girls will have an inclination to be a dressmaker.

The first time a baby has his nails cut, the cuttings are saved and deposited in the crevices of the stairway so that the child will not be liable to fall down the stairs.

The midwife always sees to it that her helper in the delivery room has no straight lines across the palm of her hand.

A woman in the family way must not go around at night so as to avoid hard labor at delivery.

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A pregnant woman after waking up in the morning should take hold of her pillow and throw it at her feet so that the placenta will easily come out.

Baptism:

When a lone baby girl is baptized among baby boys during a group baptism, she is likely to be attractive to the opposite sex and will therefore have many admirers when she grows up; likewise, if a baby boy is alone among the baby girls to be baptized, girls will go after the boy when he grows older.

After the baptism ceremony the sponsors rushed toward the church entrance with their child with the belief that the child brought out of the church will always be more alert than others.

When anybody acts as sponsor to a first born child, he will often be asked to be sponsor.

It is believed that the child acquires the godparents’ qualities.

Death:

When a picture is taken in group of three, one of the members in the group is likely to die.

If one combs his hair in the evening, someone will die in the family.

When one dreams of a tooth being pulled, he should immediately tell it to a tree. If he does not do so, someone will die in the family.

When a dog howls at night it is a sign that someone in the family will die.

When a black butterfly hovers around someone, it means that a relative is sick or dying.

Visits:

When house lizards make sounds near the doorway, some visitors may come the next day.

When one is cooking and sparks begin to accumulate under the pot or frying pan, some visitors are coming.

When the cat wipes its face on the doorway, cover it with a basket and the visitors will have gifts for the family.

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When a spoon is dropped while eating, a female visitor is coming; if a fork, a male visitor and if a teaspoon, a child.

Marriage:

Brides and bridegrooms to be must not travel together when the wedding day is nearing, as they are believed to be liable to dangers.

Wedding outfits must not be fitted in the presence of the groom to be or something may happen to impede the wedding.

Sprinkling rice on the newly weds is done to ensure prosperity.

During the wedding ceremony if one of the lighted candles beside the bride or groom is put out, it is a sure sign of an earlier death to the one near that candle.

If the wedding veil falls it is a sign of bad luck to the couple.

During the ceremony, if the silver coins used produce noise, it is a sign that the couple will always quarrel.

If chinawares or glasswares are broken during the wedding reception, the couple will have many children.

Punishment:

When a growing child is hurt do not hit the thing that hurts him as that child may turn stubborn.

Do not be in the habit of scolding all the time because it makes the children hard-headed.

Never kick a cat or dog as they may develop bad odor.

Do not hit dogs or cats with stick brooms or they may become thin.

Children must not be hit on the head as they might turn insane.

Moon and Stars:

When a big star is very near the moon, it is believed that lovers had made up to run away.

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It will be hot the following day, if the sky is almost covered by stars.

If the new moon is upside down, the month is rainy and if its horns are up, it is believed that the month will be hot.

Man can tell the directions by means of stars.

Plants:

It is believed that if “ubi” is planted during dark nights when there are no stars, the “ubi” will be dark in color.

When one plants “banana,” he should not stand otherwise the banana plant will grow tall, thus making it difficult for the owner in cutting it down or harvesting the fruit.

In planting corn, the person who is doing the work must be full and not hungry, or else the grains will not be complete.

Bottles are hung in upo vines so that there will be more harvest.

Changes of climate:

When the wind blows hard during a hot day, accompanied by little shower, it is a sign that someone has been drowned.

It is believed that when birds fly about, it is going to rain.

When the sun is setting and all around it is red, the weather next day will be sunny and bright.

If a cat is bathed, a typhoon will likely follow.

Birth of Twins:

When a pregnant woman eats twin bananas she is likely to have twin babies.

Sickness:

If the sick person cleans his nails and face, it is a sign that he is nearing death.

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Witchcraft:

When the back of the dead is not flat in the coffin, he is said to have died under the spell of witchcraft.

Thunder:

It is believed that mushrooms come out when there is thunder.

“Capiz” used for windows are hung out of the windows to protect the house from lightning and thunder.

The blessed palm leaves during the Palm Sundays are exposed at window fronts of the house for protection.

Lightning:

A spot struck by lightning is not a good site for building houses.

Caves:

There is a cave in the barrio of Lalakay at the foot of Lalakay Hill. It is believed to be the dwelling place of one who is guarding the buried treasure.

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DIFFERENT KINDS OF GAMES PLAYED
PIKO-PIKO

A group of children play this game, and the oldest of them acts as the mother. The mother sits on a corner of the playground and holds out one of her hands, palm upward. As the children plunge their fingers into the open hand, the mother suddenly closes her palm to catch the finger of some of them. The player whose finger is thus caught becomes “It.” He is blindfolded, and the other players scatter and hide. When they are ready, one of them gives the signal, “It” starts looking for the players. He finds one and tries to tag him. In the meantime, some of the players run back to the mother for safety. Any player tagged by “It” becomes “It” for the next game.

PATINTERO

To play this game, the players must be divided into two teams. One team will be the taggers and the other team are the runners. We have to draw lines on the ground as Line 1 and Line 2. If the taggers are on Line 1 they must not let the runners cross Line 1. If they are caught, they will not be runners anymore. They have to be the taggers the next game.

TAGUAN

There are several players but one should be the “It”. There must be a goal. The “It” should be blindfolded as the other players hide themselves. The players then will call, IT! The “It” will run to look for them. If they are not caught by the “It” till they reach the goal they are safe; but if the “It” succeeds in catching anyone of the players he becomes the “It.”

HULUGAN GUINTO

A leader with a small pebble in his hand walks to and fro behind a line of players whose right hands are held at salute position and whose left hands are held behind them at the height of the waist, palms cupped and turned upward. He drops the pebble in the hand of a player, who pretends nothing has happened. The leader continues on his journey and on reaching the end of the line says, “Run with the gold.” The one who has the ‘Gold’ runs and the others in line give chase for the purpose of tagging him. If the runner safely reaches an opposite line, which has previously

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been drawn upon the ground, he calls on any two players to carry him back to the line from which he has come, seated on their joined arms. The game is continued until almost everyone of the players has had an opportunity to run away with the ‘gold’.

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PUZZLES AND RIDDLES

2. Pagkagabi’y dagat, pagaraw ay bumbong (banig).
3. Nagtago si Piro labas ang ulo (pako).
4. Hindi ipininta, hindi iginuhit, nayari’t hindi inisip (anino).
5. Apat na uhales, tatlong butones (Kristong nakaripa).
6. Limang magkakapatid, iisa ang dibdib (kamay).
7. Sa umaga’y apat ang paa, sa tanghali’y dalawa, sa hapon ay tatlo (Buhay ng Tao - bata, katanghalian, katandaan).
8. Kinuha ko’y isa, natira’y dalawa (tulya).
9. Baka ko sa Maynila abot dito ang unga (kulog).
10. Hinila ko ang baging, nagkakara ang matsing (kampana).

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SPARKS OF WISDOM

1. One day of a wise man is worth the whole life of a fool. -
2. Never marry but for love, but see that thou lovest what is lovely. - William Penn
3. Weigh not so much what men say, as what they prove; remember that truth is simple and naked, and needs not invective to apparel her comeliness. - Sr. Philip Sydney
4. Hear one side and you will be in the dark; hear both sides and all will be clear. - Holiburton
5. Money may be the root of evils, but the lack of money is the root of all worries. - Silas Squibbs
6. He who obeys with modesty appears worthy of being some day a commander. - Cicero
7. No nation can rise higher, than the character of its people.
8. The wife is the constellation of virtues; she is the moon and thou art the man in the moon.
9. Anger is momentary madness, so control your packen; or it will control you. - Haraa
10. Novelty is the great parent of pleasure. - South
11. A suspicious parent makes an artful. - Chil Hali
12. He who does not prevent a crime when he came, encourage it. - Senera
13. An error gracefully acknowledged is a victory won. - Gascoigne
14. In character, in manner, in style, in all things the supreme excellence is simplicity. - Longfellow
15. He who is most slow in making a promise, is the most faithful in the performance of it. - Rosseau
16. Riches make men worse in their later days. - Proverb
17. From a little spark may burst a mighty flame. - Dante
18. Selfishness is a quality in everybody "excepting me."
19. Never do but one thing at a time, and never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. - Chesterfield
20. Thy wife is a constellation of virtues; she is the thou art the man in the moon. - Congreve
21. He who obeys modestly appear to be worthy a good commander. - Cicero

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22. A man who is always well satisfied with himself is seldom so with others, and others as little pleased with him. - La Rochefauchould
23. He who meditates the commission of the crime has all guilt of the deed. - Javenal
24. No nation can rise higher than the character of its people.
25. A mighty pain to love it is, and tis a pain that pain to miss. But of all pains the greatest pain is to love but love in vain. - Cowley
26. Kings are really not born; they are made halucination by Universal. - George Bernard Shaw
27. On their own merit modest men are dumb. - Colman (the younger)
28. There is no virtue so truly great and godlike as Justice. - Addison
29. Without books we would not even know that there is a God, Justice would be silent, History dumb. - Bartholin
30. Too great haste, leads us to error. - Moliere
31. The best memorial for a mighty man is to fain honor ere death. - Beowolf
32. Experience teaches slowly, and at the cost of mistakes. - Fronde
33. When a secret is known to three people it is no longer a secret. - Richter
34. The laborer is worthy of his reward. - Timothy
35. It is ill to argue with the master of thirty battalions. - Fivorinus - Greek Philosopher
36. War means fighting and fighting means killing. - Gen. Forest - Confederate Cavalry
37. Do not be a slave in spirit, own your own soul. - Walter Scott
38. Never swap horses when crossing a stream. - Abraham Lincoln
39. Secure a home. It is indispensable for the making of a good citizen. - William Henry Seward
40. The disease of an evil conscience is beyond the care of the physicians of the world. - Gladston
41. Laws die, Books never. - Bulwer

Respectfully submitt

(MISS) TEODORA T. PADUA

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