CITY OF TAGAYTAY, CAVITE, Historical Data of Part 1
PART I
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found out that as they were climbing the mountain, they were as if climbing a horn of a carabao which was so stiff,. Since then they called the place Suñgay.
Suñgay comprises the sitios of Magasawang Ilat, Patogohan, Tubog, Labac ng Suñgay, Plasmanan, Katmon, Gulod ng Ahasan, Kaykulot, Malabag Segundo and Kakawatihan. Later Kakawatihan was changed and named as the center of what is known as Suñgay.
In 1850 the district of Suñgay was formed. A resident of Talisay by the name of Mauricio Hernandez came up to the mountain. He find it a good place to hide during the first world war. Later he found out that this place was not good to hide but also a good place to live in. Then he encouraged his sons and relatives to go up the mountain and cultivate the land. At that time nobody owned the land. It was a Godly gift for those who wanted to work. The land was owned by anyone who could cultivate it. In this way, only the hardworking people are attracted to live.
Mauricio Hernandez died at the age of 150 years leaving his twelve sons. These twelve sons inherited the land that belonged to their deceased father. Each of the twelve sons divided their inherited lands to their children. Among them came Hilario Luna. He inherited the lands which was along the sides of the road. Another is Esteban Luna whose share comes after Hilario Luna's land. Still Esteban Luna was a hardworking man. Here he was able to increase his share. Still comes Aguido Solis and Rafael Parra. Both are very hard working men and so they find it a good place to work. Again, their land was inherited by their sons. But some of them sold their land to some ambitious persons simply because they want the education of their children.
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This district had no barrio lieutenants in former days. Later, the city council enacted a resolution to appoint barrio lieutenants to each of the districts. The first barrio lieutenant was Cirilo Quilao. During his time, still the district had wide areas of cogon grass. Then came Francisco Tolentino. There was a better improvement made. Then came Gregorio Caraan who is at present the barrio lieutenant of Suñgay. But during the Japanese time there was no barrio lieutenant. Again we have Pedro Dimapilis as the second barrio lieutenant.
Suñgay district has many sitios as mentioned in the foregoing paragraphs. These sitios were named by the first settlers who organized them. The name was taken according to their situation. The Magasawang Ilat is located between two creeks lying near and side by side with each other. These creeks were called as husband and wife or in Tagalog as Magasawang Ilat.
There was also a place where patogo grow in abundance. Many settlers found this place good to live in, so they came to work. But finding out that patogo only grow there so they called it Patogohan.
Suñgay was really on the top of a mountain. Water was scarce. The early settlers find it hard for their work animals to drink and bath. Finally within the entire district they found a river where they took their carabaos to bath. This place was called Tobog.
Suñgay was only a wilderness. There was a place where the early settlers found too many snakes of large sizes. This place was named as Gulod ng Ahasan because of the snakes. But to this day, large snakes are beginning to disappear as the people are cultivating them day by day.
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Farther north, we can find plenty of rattan. This rattan was called Uway na Palasanan. It was only in this place where rattan grows. So they called it Palasanan.
A little east of Palasanan, grow some Katmon Trees. It is only in this place where plenty of katmon trees grow. So they called it Katmon.
Way down at the east, it was said that there was a man who established his own sitio. He was an industrious man and could raise plenty of crops. Sometimes he sold them and at times he gives them to passersby. When they were asked where the fruits and vegetables came from, their only answer was "Kay Kulot". The man was known for his curly hair, so this place was named after him.
During the Spanish occupation, there was a district called Malabag. When the boundary of Silang and Tagaytay was fixed during the American occupation, Malabag was divided into two. Malabag primero belongs to Silang and Malabag Segundo belongs to Tagaytay.
Still right at the heart of the district there were plenty of Kakawati trees. Kakawati is good for firewood. The people going to get firewood said that they were going to kakawatihan. As the improvement of the district was made, people came to build their homes along the streets. The kakawati trees were cut. Houses stood in their places. Gradually, the kakawati trees began to disappear and later this place was named Suñgay alone as a center of the entire district.
Farther south, many people lived in groups. Soon they formed a sitio. Before the place had no name. They just called it Suñgay. To have a distinction, they called it "Labak ng Suñgay"
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which means Southern Suñgay.
TRADITIONS, CUSTOMES, AND PRACTICES IN DOMESTIC AND SOCIAL LIFE
Since the Spanish era the people of the district have been observing various customes and practices in birth, baptismal, courtship, marriage, death, burial, festival, and planting.
BAPTISM
It was the general custom of the people of the district to have somebody to pour water to the baby after a few days of birth. There is a little feast on this occasion. The baptism follows after a number of months or years as the family wished it.
On this occasion, the midwife or Hilot in Tagalog, prepares a plate of water in which to wash the hands. This is called “Magpapahinaw.” Every one who goes to wash the hands will give some presents to the baby baptized. The presents are in the form of money, foods, jewelry, china wares, or cloths of the baby. Usually the first one to give is the Godfather or Godmother. Then comes the relatives and friends of the parents. To attend this occasion will mean to be ready to give presents. There was no dancing and singing, but there was drinking and story telling.
COURTSHIP
It is the common custom of the people in the district for the parents of the young man to court the parents of the lady. When they come to an agreement, the family of the man will take along with them many men to plow the land of the girl. This is the beginning of the services of the man. He brings firewood to the house of the girl and also to the close relatives of the girl. He works hard in the house of the girl. This services lasted for several months until he is accepted. Then a day is set for
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the wedding. If he is accepted by the young lady, he is told to go home and only told that he will be notified afterwards. This is only an alibi. This means that the courtship is cancelled. There are many cases for the cancellation of the courtship. If the man drops the firewood and made much noise, the parents are angry. If the young man drops water to the floor or make so much noise in pouring water this is also a cause for the cancellation of courtship. So to many daughters of delicate parents, means to much carefulness.
If accepted, the parents of the young man together with the parents of the young lady set aside a day for the wedding. Sometimes the parents of the girl ask money by the hundreds. Sometimes a complete house is asked together with a big feast and a lovely wedding costume.
MARRIAGE
Marriage is solemnized by the priest or any one authorized by law. The party is done in the house of the bride. The bride has with her a plate of cigarettes or hitso. There are two plates. One in front of the bride and the other is in front of the groom. Then begin what is called the “Sabugan.” The relatives of the lady give money to the groom and the relatives of the groom give money to the bride. A comparison of the amount is made after the sabugan. Usually the brides plate has the most. After the sabugan, when it is already one o’clock, the bride prepares to transfer to the house of the groom. There seems to be a good procession of all relatives of the groom bringing with them things used in the party. The left over food is divided into two. One half is brought by the parents of the groom and other half is left for the parents of the bride.
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TREATMENT OF THE SICK
Since there is no doctor nearby or within the district, the most common custom is to go to the quack doctor. The treatment is done by “tapal”. Sometimes by the application of fresh leaves. This treatment is sometimes good for it can cure. But at other times it can’t cure the sick.
Families with enough means go to Silang for treatment of a doctor. But this means money. So this kind of treatment is practiced by families of greater income.
HISTORY AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE DISTRICT OF MAITIM (TAGAYTAY)
I N T R O D U C T I O N
When the City of Tagaytay was created in the year 1937 under the Commonwealth Act No. 338, the sitios commonly called Maitim Segundo, Bethany, Magasawang Ilat and Silang Rotonda which have a total area of approximately 670 hectares were fused together into one district called Maitim District, City of Tagaytay.
POPULAR NAME OF THE DISTRICT, PRESENT AND PAST
The present official name of the district is Maitim District, which was derived from the name of the sitio called Maitim Segundo. This sitio got its name as a part of Maitim Primero, a barrio of the town of Amadeo, which until the establishment of the city of Tagaytay, the sitio became a part of the city and the name continued to remain as Maitim Segundo as a slight change from Maitim Primero, the said barrio of Amadeo. During the Spanish occupation, the place was a part of Silang, one of the oldest town of the province of Cavite. The entire place was
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hilly and all covered with talahib or cogon, until it was made a part of the city upon its establishment in the year 1937. From this year there were improvements made such as the construction of a first class National Road, few houses built and the areas covered with large talahib were converted into agricultural lands.
There are many sitios which comprised Maitim District. These sitios have names which were common even during the Spanish regime. On the south, the sitios along Dapdapan and Lipusin Creeks. On the east along Magasawang Ilat and Bugtong na Kawayan Creeks. During the Spanish occupation of the Philippines, the north of Magasawang Ilat was called Pulo ng Victo Baybay, because the owner of the entire place was Victo Baybay. The south of which known as the Bugtong na Kawayan Creek was formerly named Pulo ng Esteban Baybay. This was the name commonly called during the Spanish regime. On the north along the sitios of Bethany and Maitim Segundo to the northern boundary line of the city. During the Spanish regime, Bethany was commonly called Pulo ng Kuwitis. The name was popular among the people until the establishment of the district. In the year 1937, an American Christian Missionary named the Rev. Leslie Wolfe together with his wife happened to reside in the place. He named the place Bethany which is similar to a famous Christian town in Palestine. This American missionary with his wife, stayed in the place until the outbreak of the Japanese–American war in the Philippines. On the west the sitio was formerly called Pulong Kawayan ng Capitan Simplicio and Pulo ng Carpio Villanueva.
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ORIGINAL FAMILIES
The entire district was covered with cogon or large talahib grasses, and nobody lived in the place until about the year 1858 when a couple named Francisco Borja and Basilia Bayot happened to construct a hut and lived in the place now called Bethany. The couple lived peacefully with their three children named Felipe, Atanacia and Baldomero Borja. The latter was born in February, 1867. At present, he is the only living individual who was the original resident of the place now called Bethany.
During that time there was also a family headed by one named Narciso Tibayan, who lived just few kilometers south of Borja’s family. In a place East of this, which was called Magasawang Ilat, there was also a family headed by one named Pedro Baybay.
Few years before the Spanish–Filipino wars (Philippine Revolution), just north of the border of Maitim Segundo, a family headed by Doroteo Bayot, called Cabesang Teong, happened to reside in the place. This cabesa was also a land owner. In later years, that is before 1900, a family from Amadeo moved to this place now called Bethany, where they acquired a parcel of land. This family was headed by one named Hugo Baybay. He with his family resided in this place until up to his death. From that time on there were a number of families from nearby barrios and town who moved to the various sitios within the jurisdiction of the district of Maitim. Many of these families were heirs to the parcels of land left to them by their ancestors.
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LIST OF BARRIO LIEUTENANTS TO DATE
There were not so many barrio lieutenants in this district because it was not known before. The sitios in this district were under two municipalities of Silang and Amadeo. When Maitim Segundo was still under the town of Silang, the barrio lieutenants of Maitim Primero were the ones in–charge of the place, which was under its jurisdiction. Those men were the following, according to their chronological order: Cabesang Teong (Doroteo Bayot), Cabesang Rufino, and Cabesang Emong (Guillermo Borja). After Amadeo was made a municipality (town), Maitim Segundo was placed under the jurisdiction of the town of Amadeo. Again the barrio lieutenants of Maitim Primero were still held responsible for the sitio. They were the following: Victor Villanueva, Miguel Bayot and Modesto Ambat. The latter held the position for 9 years, and was made the barrio lieutenant of the district when Tagaytay was made a chartered city in the year 1937. Tininting Modest (Modesto Ambat) was made a barrio lieutenant in the year 1945, and Mr. Cirilo Villanueva was designated as the Auxiliary barrio lieutenant of the district. They carry their position up to the present time.
IMPORTANT FACTS, INCIDENTS, OR EVENTS
As foretold that the district was thinly populated and largely covered with large and thick cogon or talahib grasses, there were no cited incidents or events that took place during the Spanish and American occupation. Not until after the Japanese occupation of the Philippines when there was destruction of lives and properties. During the occupation of the Philippines by the Japanese, large parcels of land owned by the people
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in the place, were converted into plantations. These plantations were managed by Japanese civilians. Before the American parachutists landed in the city of Tagaytay, in February, 1945. Filipinos, either male or female caught by the Japanese in the district were massacred. This incident including the burning of the houses took place in a barrio named Buho, just north of the boundary of Tagaytay City. Before this time, lawless people or bandits roamed throughout the place and robbed the inhabitants. Domestic animals and personal belongings were mostly the things they robbed.
CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES IN DOMESTIC AND
SOCIAL LIFE
Since the Spanish regime, the people in this district have been observing various customs and practices in birth, baptism, courtship, marriage, death, visits, burial, festivals and planting.
As for example in baptism: it was a general custom of the people in this district to pour water to the baby just after three days it was born. Then follow a baptism in a church after a number of years.
COURTSHIP: It was a common practice of the people that the parents and other relatives of the young man to court a young lady whom the man was in love. Usually they bought presents to the parents of the young girl. The young man together with some of his friends used to serve or render services in the house of the young girl. Sometimes these services lasted for a number of years before the young man knew that he was loved by the young lady or the parents. In rendering services, if the man,
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in getting some firewood, happened to drop the firewood which made lots of noise, for sure that his courtship would not be accepted by the young lady and her parents. The same thing in pouring some water into the jar, if it creates a loud noise, the proposed marriage would be discontinued. There were other forms of services which had similar ideas.
MARRIAGE: Marriage ceremonies were commonly solemnized by either the priests, ministers or persons authorized by law. Marriage feasts were mostly done in the home of the bride. But before the sun began to lean for setting, that is before 1:00 o’clock in the afternoon, the bride prepared hurriedly for her transfer to the home of the groom. It was a common custom of the people to have the newlywed, not to stay in the house of the bride after the sun began to set, or after 12:00 o’clock noon.
DEATH: If somebody died in a household, it was a common practice among the neighbors to extend their help to the mourners. They did all the work in the house. They entertained the family of the deceased. They gave alms and other sorts of help.
FESTIVALS: These activities such as birthdays, death anniversaries and patron’s day of the place were commonly celebrated by the people. Local dishes, cakes and other common local foods were being served by the celebrants. Serving lasted up to late midnight, with singing, joy and laughter.
PLANTING: In this line of activity, the farmers commonly set a time, which they believed a fortunate day for planting. Mostly they set a date when new moon falls. Their beliefs were centered to the old saying in planting of their ancestors.
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TREATMENT FOR THE SICK: Quack doctors were still common in the district. The people needed them maybe due to availability and economy. Because of their faith in them, the sick mostly got well.
METHODS OF MEASURING TIME: During the early days of Spanish and American occupations, the people in this district, measured the time at night by judging the crowing of the roosters and at day, the position of the sun. They had also special calendars for bad and good weather.
F O L K T A L E
During the early days of the Spanish occupation in the Philippines, Maitim had no name. It was covered with large bushes (talahib or cogon) and no people were residing in the place. It happened that a certain landowner thought of burning the bushes. He started the burning, and the entire large place was kept on flame. After a few days, the fire was put out by itself as there were no more bushes to be caught on. In short, the entire land was left covered with ash. The ashes remained there for a number of days, because the time was not windy.
A stranger happened to pass by the place. Upon seeing that the entire ground covered with black ashes, exclaimed in the native tongue: “Ano bang lugar ito? Maitim pa sa Kugon!” which means; What place is this? Darker than bushes! The native who heard the phrase, called the place Maitim. And until now the name is very popular among the people. That is how Maitim got its name.
Adopted:
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HISTORY AND CULTURAL LIFE OF CALOOCAN DISTRICT
CITY OF TAGAYTAY
I N T R O D U C T I O N:
When the city of Tagaytay was created in the year 1937 under the Commonwealth Act No. 338, the sitios called Caloocan, Sampaloc, Berinayan and Bayabas which has a total area of approximately 1,720 hectares were fused together and called the district of Caloocan. Before the establishment of the city, these sitios were a part of Talisay, Batangas. Mostly the people residing are Batangueños.
POPULAR NAME OF THE DISTRICT PAST AND PRESENT
The present official name of the district is District of Caloocan, which was derived from the sitio called Caloocan. When Caloocan was under the jurisdiction of Talisay, Batangas, Caloocan comprises the sitios of Caloocan and Sampaloc, while Berinayan was a separate barrio. Until to the present Berinayan has its own barrio lieutenant. Not like Caloocan and Sampaloc which has one barrio lieutenant. A part of the sitio of Caloocan was not acquired by the city. Caloocan, which is east of Caloocan river remains under Talisay, Batangas. However the people earn their living in the city. They celebrate their fiesta on the same date with Caloocan under the city.
During the Spanish occupation, the place was covered with kamachile and tall grasses. Upon the construction of the zigzag road from Tagaytay to Caloocan and the completion of the road from Talisay to Caloocan, the people made much improvement in their lives. They built better homes. They cul–
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cultivate wider tracks of land and planted it with bananas, tomatoes, corn, and other available crops. When there was no good road the people had to carry their products and fish in balanan on their shoulder. Sometimes they have it carried by the horse. Their chief market place is Silang. But now their fish even reach as far as Pasay City and Parañaque. Mostly they brought their fish to Amadeo, Alfonzo, Indang, Mendez, Buho, and Silang.
The name Caloocan was derived through the geographical location of the place. Caloocan is surrounded by steep hills. The hills on the west and on the east extend as far as the sea on the south. So it was said as “Naluluok”. As foretold when the original families set their homes in Caloocan, the place already bore the name Caloocan.
The name Berinayan was derived from the first man who lived there. He was Bernabe Bayan. One day a Spanish official happened to drop in Berinayan. The official met this man and asked him the name of the place. The man thought that the official was asking his name, so he replied Bernabe Bayan. So from that time on the place was called Bernabe Bayan and later on to make it simpler and shorter it became Berinayan. During the American occupation the place already bears its own name Berinayan.
ORIGINAL FAMILIES
The entire district was covered with kamachile, siniguelas, and tall grasses. Nobody lived there until 1856 when a couple named Tomas Marqueses and Fabian Cabungkol happened to construct a hut in the sitio of Caloocan. The family lived there peacefully with their seven children. They were; Eluterio, Ciriaco, Emilia, Teofilo, Catalino, Victoria and Basilio. They
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were all living up to the present except Emilia who was dead for a quite number of years.
Just west of Caloocan River, a few meters from the Marqueses family is a family headed by Juan Amigo and Lorenza Marqueses. The couple lived with their ten children. They were Rosa, Lorenzo, Donato, Egmedia, Ricardo, Gregoria, Gaudencio, Guillermo, and Amado. These are the original families in the place now called Leynes.
In the sitio of Sampaloc, the family was headed by Saturnino Malabanan and Marcela Tenorio. They lived with their five Children, Tomas, Santos, Donata, Maria, and Carlos.
In the sitio of Berinayan the family was headed by the Ultin and the Masikat family. Later on some other families from the barrio of Saimsim, Taal, Batangas moved to live in this place. This is the Mayuga and the Valencia family. There were also some who came from the nearby barrios. These people now composed the population of the sitio of Berinayan.
LIST OF BARRIO LIEUTENANTS FROM THE EARLIEST TIME TO DATE
There were not so many barrio lieutenants in this district, because it was not well known before. When Caloocan and Sampaloc were under Talisay, Batangas the barrio lieutenants were the following arranged in their chronological order; Tomas Marqueses, Juan Amigo, Proceso Malabanan, Sotero Tenorio, Isabelo Mendoza, and Moises de Ocampo. Francisco Piol was the barrio lieutenant when Tagaytay was made a city. He occupied the position up to the Japanese occupation. Lorenzo Tenorio is the present barrio lieutenant who is rendering service for about ten years.
As we said that Berinayan was a separate barrio. It had its own barrio lieutenants. The barrio lieutenants are the following arranged in their chronological order; Martin Noble, Lucas
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Ramos, Marcos Rodriguez, Apolonio Braza, Ricardo Ariola, Julian Valencia when Berinayan was a part of Talisay, Batangas. Julian Valencia was the barrio lieutenant when the city was established in 1937. He held this position during the Japanese occupation and after the liberation of the Philippines until the year 1947. He made some accomplishments such as the opening of the school in 1946 after the liberation. The present barrio lieutenant is Lorenzo Ulitin. Clemente Enriquez is his auxiliary. The present barrio lieutenant continued the accomplishments in the barrio. He became successful in the establishment of the school as a continuation from the preceding barrio lieutenants.
STORIES OF SITIOS OF THE DISTRICT
Just west of Caloocan River, the place was sometimes called Leynes until this date. In this place, it is said that Leynes, who possessed a typical strength and height lived there with his family. Just west of Caloocan Elem. School in front of the chapel marked a footprint of Leynes in a rock. The footprint is about a foot in length and very wide. His other footprint could be seen near Berinayan.
The family lived in a beautiful house. The walls and the roof of the house are said to be decorated with gold. So when sun shone the house glittered. The home of Leynes was located near the sea. So he would just throw his dishes and other utensils to the sea in a big net made. Then when it was meal time the servants would just pull the nets.
It was the custom of Leynes to attend the mass every Sunday. So the priest could not begin the mass unless he was there. The priest had to wait for him. In going to the church which
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is west of the town of Talisay, he had to ride in the boat. So when the boat of Leynes is on the shore the priest ordered to have the church bell rung. Usually Leynes goes to church at daybreak.
But one Sunday it was usual time for the arrival of Leynes still his boat could not be seen. So the priest still waited for him. The sun was up, still he had not arrived. As we know priest could not eat unless he had performed the mass. So he grew tired of waiting for him and he became hungry. Thinking that he would not come for it was too late, the priest performed the mass. When it was in the middle of the mass the people sighted the boat of Leynes. So the people stood still and also the priest. Leynes found out that the priest had begun the mass without waiting for him, so he ordered the people to tie the priest like a pig. Then he told them to bring the priest to Tagaytay. When the man who carried the priest to Tagaytay reached the place they untied him. Soon the priest knelt and prayed. Not later there was a big thunder. When the people looked they saw that the church was being crumpled on the ground.
As we know that Leynes is somewhat cruel, he had therefore many enemies who planned to kill him. Leynes advised his wife that if his enemy would come, she would tell them that he was out. Then he would ride in the cradle pretending or disguising himself as a son of Leynes.
A few days, Leynes was in the house, his enemies came. So he rode in the cradle. The enemies asked his wife if Leynes was there. She replied that he had gone there just a few moments. The enemies thought that she was fooling them, so one of them tried
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to climb the stair. He was at the last step when he saw a big man in the cradle. He said how big is the son of Leynes, therefore how much more of him. He is only the son and he is too big, therefore his father must be a big one. Fearing that Leynes would come immediately, the enemies went back and never came to see Leynes.
IMPORTANT INCIDENTS, FACTS OR EVENTS
As the district was thinly populated and was covered with trees and tall grasses, there were no cited incidents that happened during the Spanish occupation.
During the Filipino–American war there was a little fighting that took place between the Filipino soldiers and the American soldiers. The battle took place a kilometer west of Sampaloc, which is called Sugod. The Filipino soldiers were under the leadership of Colonel Cabeza Arcadio Laurel and Capitan Kulas Gonzales. The Filipino soldiers constructed trenches. The Filipinos were defeated in this battle, for they were overpowered in men and ammunition. The Filipino soldiers fled to the mountains.
During the Japanese occupation, the Japanese soldiers took four men named Juan Dinglasan, Leon de Ocampo, Emilio Marqueses, and Catalino Cusarin who were suspected as guerrillas. They were brought to the mountain and tortured and hanged. Catalino Causarin, who was with the company was able to escape death. He was able to untie his body then he jumped into the deep ravine in front of him. Fortunately he was not hurt, and was able to return to his home.
There was a short fighting between the Filipino guerrillas and the Japanese soldiers a few meters west of Sampaloc. The Filipino guerrillas retreated, for the Japanese soldiers outnumbered them.
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There was no single house destroyed or burned in the district by the Japanese.
In the year 1911 when the Taal Volcano erupted the sitio of Berinayan suffered from destruction of lives and properties. In Berinayan the houses were turned to ashes and hundred of people were killed due to the lava and fire thrown by the volcano. While in the sitios of Caloocan and Sampaloc there was no life lost and house burned.
TRADITIONS, CUSTOMS, AND PRACTICES IN DOMESTIC AND SOCIAL LIFE
Since the Spanish era the people of the district have been observing various customs and practices in birth, baptism, courtship, marriage, death, burial, festivals, and planting.
B A P T I S M
It was the general custom of the people to have somebody to pour water to the baby after a few days of birth, they prepare a little feast on this occasion. Then the baptism is followed for a number of months or even years in the church.
In this occasion the midwife or hilot in Tagalog prepares a plate of water in which to wash the hands, they called this term “Magpapahinaw”. So everyone who goes to wash their hands will give some presents to the baby baptized. The presents given were always in form of money. Usually the first one to give the present is the godfather or the godmother. Then followed by the relatives. So if you attend this occasion you are to prepare to have something to be given to the baptized child. There was singing and dancing. The most common dances are the pandangos and the subli.
C O U R T S H I P
It was the common practice of the people of the district that the parents and other relatives of the young man to court
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